Frito Lay Organisational Structure Operations Management

A-1 Role of Operations Management a) Operations management refers to all levels of an organisation and how best to efficiently convene, fund, maintain and maximise its services and/or operations, both internal and external. The core goal/objective of operations management it to maximise outputs while reducing and minimising the inputs required to achieve the desired results. Whereas Production management refers to how to best manage, organise and control either a product or service that an organisation is providing. This could be through streamlining manufacture of components by outsourcing services the organisation is not suited for, through to managing the implementation of a product that is being supplied to the end user for best†¦show more content†¦A-2 Relationships to other Organisational Functions a) Typically operations management covers three broad areas of an organisation that helps to produce both products and services at an effective cost in both effort and financial cost. Human Resource management is the art of maintaining staff wellness, benefits and ergonomics to maintain a pleasant working environment for all staff to be apart of. This is critical for success so that staff produce quality products and services with minimal driving from management. Production management is the organising and planning of staff and assets required to produce products and services, this could be ranging from organising staff to install equipment located on another continent through to the selection and purchasing of new plant to increase production in a manufacturing facility. Procurement of raw material and sub contractor labour is also the direct responsibility of the operations manager. This is to allow for the seamless arrival of the right raw materials and subcontracted components in to the production process so that there are no wasted time delays and rework of parts and components. 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Becoming A Television Journalist For A Local News Station

I aspire to become a broadcast journalist for a local news station, an author, and an editor. I plan to confer the most interesting stories out to the world. I also plan to publish my novel that I am currently working on along with other fiction stories. Although it is not definite how my journey will begin and end, I do have a certain path I plan to proceed. First, I want to finish my undergraduate at my dream school, Temple University in the School of Media and Communications. After I finish my four years with a strong foundation on being a journalist I want to further my knowledge at Emerson College or Syracuse University. My goal is not easy and it also is not cheap. Six years of college for me is not free. During college I am going to face many financial hardships. For starters, going into my freshman year at Temple University is going to be rough. Not only did my mother not get a pell grant I also did not qualify for more than 60% of the scholarships that offered full tuition. I live with my mother and sister. My mother is an educated women who graduated from Bryant University. As of now she works with Dana Farber as a computer technician. My mother gets paid good money but she also has to provide for my sister and I alone. Paying for college is going to be a struggle, but it most definitely is a struggle that is worth it. I always have conversations with my mother, and I often do feel bad for her having to pay for me to go to college. I have never been able to have aShow MoreRelatedEffect Of Online Social Media On Newsroom Operations Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesIN BROADCASTING STATIONS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA BROADCASTING CORPORATION TEROI FELIX KBET IS/1233/14 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Technology has always been at the forefront of newsgathering and the journalistic process. The last century has seen visual, audio and digital innovations contributing greatly to changing the way journalists think about and engage in their work. 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Management Theories Productivity of the Workplace

Question: Describe about the Management Theories for Productivity of the Workplace. Answer: Introduction The concept of the various management theories is essential in the organisation to increase the productivity of the workplace. The implementation of the theories such as Taylors scientific management, Maslows hierarchy of human needs and Demings Total Quality Management helps the organizations to carry out the organizational activities and management in a systematic manner. Commonwealth Bank of Australia is an Australian multinational bank that serves the areas of New Zealand, Fiji, Asia, USA and UK (Commbank.com.au. 2016).The organization applies these management theories in the workplace to influence the managerial practice in Commonwealth Bank of Australia. The organization applies various management theories that help the organization in the development of the organization and achieving comparative advantage over the other competitors in the market of Australia. Discussion The basic management theories help in the process of developing the motivation among the employees by enhancing the management process. Taylors scientific management The Taylors scientific management theory is also known as Taylorism. In the opinion of Tedeschi, (2013), it is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes the workflow in the organisation. The management theory helps to improve the economic efficiency of Commonwealth Bank of Australia, especially the labor productivity. However, Hill, Jones Schilling (2014) argued that the approach is at odds with the approaches that the organizations mainly use such as MBO (Management By Objectives), BPR (Business Process Reengineering) and other tools. The Taylorism theory is not that effective in promoting the responsibility among the individuals working in the company. Maslows hierarchy of human needs The Maslows hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory that includes five stages in which the deficiency needs and growth needs of the organization are classified. The five stage model includes the biological, the physiological needs, safety needs, love, and belonging needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. The theory helps the company to understand the needs and the priorities of the company that further help the managers to manage the company addressing the needs and the loopholes present. In contradictory, Shafritz, Ott Jang, (2015) mentioned that the Maslow analysis does not always focus on the process of providing motivation to the employees to work. Hill Jones, (2013) supported the theory by stating that the theory identifies the internal factors that motivate the behavior of the employees. The needs are considered to be psychological or physiological insufficiencies that influence the behavior of the individuals in the organization. Demings Total Quality Management The theory of Demings total quantity management summarizes that the adopting of appropriate strategies or principles of management supports the organization to increase the quality and customer loyalty. Further, the company is able to reduce the operational cost such as reducing waste, rework, and staff attrition. As per the theory, there are certain points that help the organization in better management. The theory explains that a constant purpose towards the improvement of the organization. The organization further needs to adopt new policies that address the changes in the organization. The theory further states that the organization should stop depending upon the inspection as the inspections are costly and unreliable. In the opinion of Tedeschi, (2013), the theory mentions that Commonwealth Bank needs to use a single supplier for one item at a time. The constant improvement helps the organization to manage the business activities in a more effective manner. The other elements of the theory are practicing on the job training, implementing leadership, eliminating fear, getting rid of the unclear slogan, eliminating the management by the objectives of the business, removing the barriers of the organization. Moreover, the implementing education and self-improvement process in the organization and bringing out the transformation in the job helps the managers to manage the business of Commonwealth Bank in an enhanced way. According to Bratton Gold (2012), one of the advantages of implementing the various management theories in the organization is that a clear organizational hierarchy with distinct management levels is obtained. In addition to that, the company gains an advantage in the division of labour. The managers are able to divide the task among the employees so that the organisational activities are carried out easily. However, Kim, Kumar Kumar, (2012) opposed the use of the management theories in the organisation as it eliminates the role of the individuals in the organisation. The human behaviour cannot be properly evaluated. Nevertheless, the management theories consider inaccurate assumptions and calculation of the measurement approaches. Application of the theoretical concepts to influence managerial practicesin Commonwealth Bank of Australia supports the organisation to obtain a number of competitive advantages over the rival companies. Commonwealth Bank of Australia is able to provide the stakeholders with a trained mind that allows achieving a higher degree of excellence in all the department of the organisation. Moreover, the managers of the bank ensure complete revolution within the workplace and thereby improve the layout, routeing, purchasing, scheduling and accounting activities of the company. On the flip side, the implementation of the management theories in Commonwealth Bank of Australia requires high cost and responses from the workers regarding the outcomes of the process. Bloom et al., (2012) criticised that the implementation of management theories destroys the individual workers initiative. The managers of the bank gain an autocratic power that further hampers the nature of the business environment. T his further demotivates the employees that lead to the fall in the productivity of the overall organisation. Conclusion The organisations are greatly affected by the implementation of the management theories such as Taylors scientific management, Maslows hierarchy of human needs and Demings Total Quality Management. The individual theories have certain advantages and disadvantages that help the company in managing the business as well as increase the risk factors for the company respectively. Commonwealth Bank of Australia achieves comparative advantages that provide sustainability to a company in the highly competitive market of Australia. The managers are thus capable of performing the business activities in a more efficient manner that ensure meeting the organisational goals and objectives. References Bloom, N., Genakos, C., Sadun, R., Van Reenen, J. (2012). Management practices across firms and countries.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(1), 12-33. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Commbank.com.au. (2016).Commbank.com.au. Retrieved30 November 2016, fromhttps://www.commbank.com.au/ Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R. (2013).Strategic management theory. South-Western/Cengage Learning. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Kim, D. Y., Kumar, V., Kumar, U. (2012). Relationship between quality management practices and innovation.Journal of operations management,30(4), 295-315. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Tedeschi, J. T. (Ed.). (2013).Impression management theory and social psychological research. Academic Press.

Touro University International Essays (603 words) - Axiology, Ethics

Touro University International James L. White ETH 501 Module 1, Session Long Project Dr. Steven J. Gold INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to describe any sense of barriers in women's advancement in my firm or if there have been such barriers in the past. This report will provide the reader with some information about the company I work for and some facts about the barriers women have been through. By discussing these topics I hope to offer some knowledge about my organization. I will conclude this report with a brief summary of the entire analysis, highlighting some of the most significant parts that the report contains. BARRIERS In an article entitled Amazing Women in As you can recall; I am in the military and we train and mentor Health Service Management Apprentice. My job involves training medical terminology, military medical readiness, aero medical evacuation, medical health records, and patient eligibility, Health Insurance Portability Act, Safety and customer service. I have been involved with this organization for 9 years. MORAL PROBLEM A moral problem that I believe is a huge issue in my organization is that of dress code. My boss wants us to wear our uniform in a certain way which forces personnel to come out of their own pocket to buy additional clothing items and spend extra time every day ensuring our boots have a certain shine on them. We have a guideline on how our uniforms and boots should look, but he wants the extra effort. This is not a decision that has give employees the greatest human happiness. Now if he had done a cost analysis he would have seen that the money spent on the extra items was more than employees wanted to spend. And he did not take into fact that everyone's happiness is important. I think that this would violate a persons contractual right. In our work publications it explains that we will be given a clothing allowance to buy our uniform items and it also tells us how those items will be maintained. So for him to change that and say " this is the way you will be dressed each day violates that contract". Now I know it is different in the military we give up a lot of our freedom to give freedom to others and we must accept that, but that does not take away form all our rights. That's why we still enter into a contract when we join. Now for me it is not a big deal because I believe I go above a beyond any way, but I would not force an issue that truly brings down the moral of the organization. CONCLUSION I believe the morals of my organization are lead by the decisions that are made in the organization. We have things like the Uniformed Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), which tells us exactly what things we can do, legal wise. For example, if you disrespect top management the UCMJ provides you a guideline for punishment for that individual. We also have our Core Values (Service Before Self, Excellence in all we do, and Integrity First), which provides us with the values and morals the military expects us to have. And publications that tell us how to do our jobs, wear our uniforms and much more. These items help to ensure our success within our organizational culture. We have military members with high values, a willingness to do the job, and the motivation to work their way up the management ladder. I think the decisions that are made within the company should ensure that they help us get the job done and also create a happy work environment within the company. Some decisions made are made to improve the company, but this particular problem was a issue that he did not like. It mostly benefited him not the employees.

Science & technology in Jamaica essays

Science & technology in Jamaica essays Since the Industrial Revolution, science and technology (S When we talk about science we are referring to, in broadest terms, systematized knowledge in any field. There are different branches of science, each established to support and satisfy its own area. Technology now, refers to the processes by which human beings fashion tools, machines and systems to increase their control of the material environment. Technology often emerges out of everyday activities rather than from science. However in the past century, technology has become more science based. Just like science, technology has different branches or aspects that need to be assessed if we are to properly evaluate Jamaicas position. Technics, production technology, consumption technology, organizational technology, technological capability and social structure are the categories into which technology is divided. Technics refers to the physical products and systems of human making. Production technology refers to the materials, equipment, processes and activities associated wi th technology. Consumption technology is the methods, products, systems and activities through which we satisfy our needs. Organizational technology is the organization or social relations of production associated with particular production and consumption technologies. The skills, knowledge and experience of local personnel, organized in institutions which effectively deploy their work, and backed by adequate material resources and support services is seen as technological capability. Lastly social structure is the total effect of technology on material and social...

10 Geographic Facts About Sichuan Province, China

10 Geographic Facts About Sichuan Province, China Sichuan is the second largest of Chinas 23 provinces based on its land area of 187,260 square miles (485,000 sq km). It is located in southwestern China adjacent to the countrys largest province, Qinghai. Sichuans capital city is Chengdu and as of 2007, the province had a population of 87,250,000 people. Sichuan is an important province to China because of its abundant agricultural resources which include such Chinese staples as rice and wheat. Sichuan is also rich in mineral resources and is one of Chinas main industrial centers. The following is a list of ten things to know about Sichuan Province: 1) Human settlement of Sichuan Province is believed to date back to the 15th century B.C.E. In the 9th century B.C.E., Shu (what is present-day Chengdu) and Ba (todays Chongqing City) grew to become the largest kingdoms in the region. 2) Shu and Ba were subsequently destroyed by the Qin Dynasty and by the 3rd century B.C.E., the area was developed with sophisticated irrigation systems and dams which ended seasonal flooding of the region. As a result, Sichuan became the agricultural center of China at the time. 3) Because of Sichuans location as a basin surrounded by mountains and the presence of the Yangtze River, the area also became an important military center throughout much of Chinas history. In addition, several different dynasties ruled the area; among them are the Jin Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty. 4) An important note about Sichuan Province is that its borders have remained mostly unchanged for the last 500 years. The largest changes occurred in 1955 when Xikang became a part of Sichuan and in 1997 when the city of Chongqing broke away to form a part of the Chongqing Municipality. 5) Today Sichuan is divided into eighteen prefecture-level cities and three independent prefectures. A prefecture-level city is one that is below a province but ranks higher than a county for administrative structure. An independent prefecture is an area that has a majority of ethnic minorities or is historically important for ethnic minorities. 6) Sichuan Province is within the Sichuan basin and is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qinling Range to the east and the mountainous parts of Yunnan Province to the south. The area is also active geologically and the Longmen Shan Fault runs through part of the province. 7) In May 2008, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province. Its epicenter was in the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The earthquake killed over 70,000 people and numerous schools, hospitals and factories collapsed. Following the earthquake in June 2008, severe flooding from a lake formed by a landslide during the earthquake occurred in low-lying areas that had already been significantly damaged. In April 2010, the region was again impacted by a magnitude 6.9 earthquake that struck neighboring Qinghai Province. 8) Sichuan Province has a varied climate with a subtropical monsoon in its eastern portions and Chengdu. This region experiences warm to hot summers and short, cool winters. It is also typically very cloudy in the winters. The western part of Sichuan Province has a climate affected by the mountains and high altitude. It is very cold in the winter and mild in the summer. The southern part of the province is subtropical. 9) Most of Sichuan Provinces population is Han Chinese. However, there is a significant population of minorities such as Tibetans, Yi, Qiang, and Naxi in the province as well. Sichuan was Chinas most populous province until 1997 when Chongqing was separated from it. 10) Sichuan Province is famous for its biodiversity and the area is home to the famous Giant Panda Sanctuaries which consist of seven different nature reserves and nine scenic parks. These sanctuaries are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and are home to more than 30% of the worlds endangered giant pandas. The sites are also home to other endangered species such as the red panda, the snow leopard, and the clouded leopard. ReferencesNew York Times. (2009, May 6). Earthquake in China - Sichuan Province - News - The New York Times. Retrieved from: http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/news/science/topics/earthquakes/sichuan_province_china/index.html Wikipedia. (2010, April 18). Sichuan - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan Wikipedia. (2009, December 23). Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries

IT Audit & Security controls at ABC Company Essay

IT Audit & Security controls at ABC Company - Essay Example The move is further fuelled by the growing availability of broadband connectivity and increasing competitive market pressure. Some of the factors supporting rapid mobile deployment are: Availability of a variety of communication mediums and bandwidth connectivity Availability of cheaper powerful and multi-functional Smartphones Market competition Development of easily customizable business application platforms Availability of large number of mobile applications integration of wired and wireless applications by using new technologies such as IMS, 3G networks, smart phones, and WiMAX devices Advantages of deploying mobile devices in organization have been tremendous. Major advantages of deploying mobile devices are: Secure, Manageable and Real-Time availability of information Accessibility of information anytime and anywhere Availability of real-time and accurate inventory data to support supply chain management Streamlined inventory management improve productivity and workflow, while reducing error rates, overhead, and administration Better customer relationship management due to on site availability of information which helps in tracking and monitoring a customer Benefits of deploying mobile workforce comes along with various risks associated with it. Security of information is foremost concern for most of the organizations planning for mobile deployment. Some of the major risks deploying mobile devices are as follows: Loss or theft of mobile device Spreading of virus and worm Network compromises Organizations can overcome the risk associated with mobile workforce to some extent by applying various security and precautionary measures. Following recommended course of actions help in successful mobile deployment in an organization: Designing,...workers will be mobile workers and half of European workforce to be mobile by the end of 2007. The principal driving forces behind deploying mobile workforce include both technological and organizational changes. The move is further fuelled by the growing availability of broadband connectivity and increasing competitive market pressure. Some of the factors supporting rapid mobile deployment are: Benefits of deploying mobile workforce comes along with various risks associated with it. Security of information is foremost concern for most of the organizations planning for mobile deployment. Some of the major risks deploying mobile devices are as follows: Organizations can overcome the risk associated with mobile workforce to some extent by applying various security and precautionary measures. Following recommended course of actions help in successful mobile deployment in an organization: Organizations must assess and prepare themselves for short and long term advantages, disadvantages, risks and other impacts of deploying mobile workforce before jumping on board. They have to develop standard business processes so that they can take maximum advantages of the mobile workforce and reduce the risks associated with the move.

General Principles of Criminal Liability Assignment

General Principles of Criminal Liability - Assignment Example And, anything that does not match with such goodness is evil or crime deserving punishment. Such a belief is followed by the society as a whole and such moral thoughts consider crime as evil, reflecting a direct association of the criminal law and morality (Gilly, Gilinskiy and Sergevnin 2009). Jurisprudential positivists have tried to focus on the fact that law and morality are separated. The connection between law and morality was mainly supported by the classical natural law thinkers. However positivism reflects a theory that criminal law is not associated with moral. The positivists tried their best to distinguish between law and morality but it could be obtained that if the two were separated then all intersections of criminal law and morality would be rejected. Thus the concept of positivism in relation to cause a separation between law and morality was found to be confusing and hence eventually unacceptable (Legal Positivism of Law 2012). The inherent relation between law and morality has become more prominent. This is reflected in issues of homosexual marriage or rights of abortion where the criminal law based on English law can be seen to be supporting issues based on the moral principles carried by the society since the early times. One of the most common cases in the English law that reflects on the relation between the criminal law and mortality is the Regina v. Dudley & Stephens Case. The case reflects upon two men and a boy who became stranded at a sea, and when they were almost dying, the two men decided to kill the boy and eat him up, considering the fact that the boy did not have a family like they did, and also was starving. However, post their rescue, the two men were charged by the court as guilty of the murder and the law does not have support for the excuse they presented (Regina v. Dudley & Stephens: Morality, Murder and the Criminal Law 2009). In the above mentioned cases, the decisions of the legal system have significantly been based o n the moral beliefs of the society. Thus it can be said that although the positivists tried to distinguish the two considering the fact that the nature of the law needs to be different and irrespective of the moral beliefs of the society; however, it could not be achieved and hence the inherent relation of law and morality is prevalent and can be significantly seen in several criminal cases in the present times. Solution 2: As far as legal certainty with regard to English law is concerned, there are laws that determine the laws in the system. There are particular discipline and approaches of all lawyers that they use for resolution of legal issues. One of the main aims of the system of precedent is to establish legal certainty. Considering the law of precedent, the legal system should stand by what it has decided on any particular issue. This is also known as the doctrine of stare decisis, where for example, the decision taken by a High Court is imposed upon the lower courts. Howeve r, such a legal system would only mean that in certain cases, the treatment for same crimes or acts might become different thereby raising the question of injustice, if the precedent cases are not highlighted or overviewed while considering a current case (Perell 1987). As could be observed in the case of Bell v Lever Brothers Ltd, the judgment was based

One Way Analysis of Variance Essay Example for Free

One Way Analysis of Variance Essay One-way Analysis of Variance (Abbreviated one-way ANOVA) is a technique used to compare means of two or more samples (using the F distribution). This technique can be used only for numerical data. It consists of a single factor with several levels and multiple observations at each level. With this kind of layout we can calculate the mean of the observations within each level of our factor. The residuals will tell about the variation within each level. It can also average the means of each level to obtain a grand mean. And then look at the deviation of the mean of each level from the grand mean to understand something about the level effects. Finally, can compare the variation within levels to the variation across levels. Hence the name analysis of variance. Used to determine whether there are any significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups. It tests the null hypothesis that samples in two or more groups are drawn from populations with the same mean values. And compares the means between the groups you are interested in and determines whether any of those means are significantly different from each other. Formula F= q MSBMSWWhere: F = Fisher’s Ratio K = Number of Columns N = Total Number of items MSB= SSBK-1 MSW= SSWN-K Attitudes of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year EHS students towards their computer subject Attitude| Year| Average Weighted Mean| Rank| | 1st| 2nd| 3rd| 4th| | | Study regularly| 3.44| 3.37| 3.50| 3.56| 3.47| 9| Regularly exercise the skills| 3.73| 3.88| 3.65| 3.58| 3.71| 6.5| Listen attentively during class discussion| 3.62| 3.71| 3.67| 3.85| 3.71| 6.5| Always do the assignment without hesitation| 3.63| 3.73| 3.83| 3.75| 3.75| 5| Always work on projects without hesitation| 3.94| 4.10| 4.12| 4.00| 4.04| 2| Enjoy the hands-on activity| 4.13| 4.38| 4.06| 4.25| 4.21| 1| Search and use other computer reference| 3.83| 3.83| 3.54| 3.92| 3.78| 4| Always take down notes during discussion| 3.67| 3.67| 3.77| 4.04| 3.79| 3| Ask questions whenever the topic is unclear| 3.37| 3.38| 3.54| 3.63| 3.48| 8| Likeability of the subject| 2.98| 3.62| 3.12| 3.25| 3.24| 10| | | | | | | Grand Means| 3.63| 3.77| 3.68| 3.79| 3.72| The table shows the summary of the attitudes of the EHS students towards their computer subject. Having computed the Average Weighted Means, Rank 1 is indicator f, which is â€Å"I enjoy our hands-on activities† with an average mean of 4.21. The Last rank goes to indicator j, which is â€Å"I like my computer subject†, with an average mean of 3.24. This indicates that the EHS students do not like their computer subject. Though the third year likes their computer subject, they are only a fraction of the whole which do not like their computer subject. This further indicates that the students manifest positive attitude towards their computer subject because of the grand weighted mean of 3.72. This signifies that even though they do not like their computer subject, they still manifest positive attitude for they have the majority of the indicators. Reference Anonymous.August 23,2013.One-way analysis of variance. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-way_analysis_of_variance Anonymous.August 23,2013.One-way ANOVA. https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/one-way-anova-statistical-guide.php Anonymous.August 23,2013.One-Way ANOVA. http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/ppc/section2/ppc231.htm

How Teachers Can Help Essay -- essays papers

How Teachers Can Help Attention Deficit Disorder can lead to several different problems such as slow work completion, inconsistent accuracy in class work and homework, and poor study skills (DuPaul & Stoner, 1994). In order to decrease the problems that result from the disorder, teachers must accommodate and assist the children by using various techniques and ideas. Even though medication is widely used as an intervention for students with ADD, training in â€Å"organizational strategies, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-instruction procedures can also help these students to perform better in general and special education settings (Shimabukuro & Prater, 1999).† Children with Attention Deficit Disorder need structure placed in their lives by the instructor because they can't provide it for themselves (Shore, 1998). The teacher can provide this by making the rules in the classroom clear to everyone and strictly enforcing them. They should have a predictable schedule each day because ADD students don't handle change very well. Another strategy to be used in the classroom is placing the student in a location of the room where he/she will not easily be distracted and position him/her beside a peer partner who can assist them with their assignments (Parker, 1996). Such a student should not be placed beside an air conditioner, pencil sharpener, window, etc (Kidsource, 2000). An ideal place may be by the teacher's desk where he/she can be readily monitored. Organization is a crucial component that a teacher should include when trying to instill the student with structure. In order to do this the teacher may pair the student up with a peer for assistance. The child should also be equipped with a pocket folder, and a three-... ...h improve concentration. Robbins, J. (2000). On the track with nuerofeedback. Newsweek, 135 (25) p76. Retrieved November 28, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. This journal contained information information on increasing beta waves and the statistics on who benefited form such a treatment. Fister, S. & Kemp, K. (1995). Academic strategies for children with add. Intervention in school & clinic, 30 (4) 8p. Retrieved November 27, 2001 from Academic Search/EBSCO database. Kai, L. (April 20,2001). Kids with attention deficit disorder can learn. P.27. Retrieved November 21, 2001 from Lexis-Nexis The article talks about how student scan learn through visual forms of teaching. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Retrieved November 30, 2001 from http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=42727&sctn=1&pm=1

Pros and Cons of Inclusive Education Essay

In inclusive education programs all students in a school are subjected to study together and become part of the school community regardless they are disabled or normal (Schwartz, Odom, & Sandall, 2010). They all attend the same school and have the feeling of belonging in the school. Students, teachers and co-ordinate staff have a role to instruct all students regardless to their disability in general education. From educational viewpoint, inclusion involves practices where students with special needs in terms of education spend much of their time with normal student in the learning process. It is believed that inclusive education poses more merits than its negatives effects to educational systems since it provides a better opportunity for all students to participate in all activities in their everyday learning process. Inclusive education has been a platform for the disabled students to create a unique and better relationship with other normal students in school communities. Additionally, inclusive education serves as a fundamental right to all disabled students since they are part of the society and thus they should not be ignored (Schwartz, Odom, & Sandall, 2010). While there are a number of controversies in the subject of inclusive education, a clear understanding is required about inclusive education so as to reap maximally from the benefits it presents. Advantages of Inclusive Education The current research seems to support inclusive education and co-teaching as means of improving both special and general education in the schools (Block, n. d). Mainstreaming which is typical to inclusive education has been observed to improve students’ social skills by fostering interaction between the disabled students with other normal students in the same or neighboring schools (Block, n. d). This has developed communication and interaction skills among the normal and disabled students thus making them to be competent in the society. In particular, the increased interaction among students in inclusive education develops them to relate well with other members of the society. Social dimension is measured in terms of behavior and character of an individual in connection with the capacity to exercise them. Communication forms the basis of character and behavior of individuals. Therefore, inclusive education builds individuals who perfectly fit into the society (Block, n. d). Higher self-esteem among disabled students has also been achieved in the process of mainstreaming typical in inclusive educational system (PBSparents, 2010). Students gain more confidence and self efficiency in inclusive education hence they command a higher self-esteem. Not only do students in inclusive education gain higher states of confidence, they also gain systematic ways to approach common aspects in life. Research conducted in California on disabled students showed that 96 percent of disabled students felt confident when mixed with other students during learning process (PBSparents, 2010). However, 3 percent of these students felt excluded while a lesser percentage of 1 percent felt low even when mixed with other normal students (PBSparents, 2010). This research shows that inclusive education builds high esteem among the disabled students and hence should be encouraged (PBSparents, 2010). Enhanced academic achievements among the disabled students form another great advantage of inclusive education. Through the integration of normal students and the disabled, there is a potential realization of academic achievements among the disabled students who are a minor group in the society (PBSparents, 2010). The relationship between the teachers and students is much coherent in inclusive education and thus creates smooth means for academic achievements among this minor group. Most teachers take keen interest to the disabled students in order to put them in the same level with the rest of other in the class. Students gain both academic knowledge and applied abilities that are critical in their lives. As a result of inclusive education, there have been increasing numbers of disabled graduates in the US and elsewhere in the world (PBSparents, 2010). In inclusive education, there is an enhanced parents’ participation in the provision of education to the students (PBSparents, 2010). This enhanced participation ensures that students are provided with better education hence better academic achievements on the part of students. This is achieved through moral and material support that parents invest in the students which lead to improvement in education quality in inclusive education. The learning objectives are well met in inclusive education as parents commit their efforts in the betterment of education (PBSparents, 2010). As a result, there is an improved relationship in inclusive education compared to exclusive education system where parents rely entirely on teachers and the school management on education responsibilities for their children (PBSparents, 2010). Normal students in inclusive education learn to appreciate other disabled students hence fostering better relationships not only in the school community but also at their homes and the society at large (Ratta, 2009). Inclusive education brings out the meaning of the theoretical knowledge taught in schools into practice. The majority of the learners in other education systems that do not mix normal students with disabled students leave schools with limited knowledge thus making it hard for them to cope up with life (Inclusive Schools Network, 2010). It is believed that when the normal students learn in the same environment with the disabled students, much understanding and tolerance is cultivated . the normal students learn to accept others in their capacity regardless to their health (Ratta, 2009). Positive aspects achieved from inclusive education contribute much to contact theory which asserts that meaningful, frequent and pleasant communication between and among people results to a better and changed attitude towards differences. As result much is felt in the society of different individuals. On the same note, inclusive education prepares the disabled students to plan on their future (PBSparents, 2010). The lessons they achieve in inclusive educational programs while in schools are crucial in preparing them for future career and general tactics of survival. In inclusive institutions of learning, teachers impart knowledge to learners. This knowledge usually consists of theory as well as practical skills. This ways, students become more flexible in life and have some ways to survive. Life is much of what one knows and gets experienced to do (PBSparents, 2010). Therefore, there is always an increasing need for inclusive education that combines both the disabled and non-disabled students. More so, inclusive education helps disabled student to develop a sense of pride in their learning due to accomplishing their duties in the process of learning. For instance, under normal class environment with various students (normal and disabled), given an assignment to do will increase the pride of disabled learners if accomplished in time and accurately (PBSparents, 2010). This is clear indication that learning inclusively improves the ability of the students in general. Demerits of Inclusive Education Not only does inclusive education provide the best to both normal and disabled students but also constitutes of a number of disadvantages (Schwartz, Billingsley & McBride, 2010). One of the most debated disadvantages of inclusive education is financial hardships. In order for the school to provide for special education system and services, much financial resources are needed to properly finance the system. The cost per student under special education is much higher compared to normal student thus giving a challenge to most schools. The more special students a school has, the more expenditure needed to run the school (Schwartz, Billingsley & McBride, 2010). This has caused more problems in inclusive education system. Parents and guardians have often expressed fears that in inclusive education system, teachers do not have the required skills to teach and accommodate the disabled learners (Schwartz, Billingsley & McBride, 2010). However, supportive and training institutions usually train the teachers on both normal and special needs of students so as to address problems in case they arise. But if the teacher ignores the students of this nature it may result to regression of the learner thus the overall productivity is decreased in terms of academics. More so, the learners them selves may cause harm to the fellow students thus making classroom environment uncomfortable for learning process (Schwartz, Billingsley & McBride, 2010). One serious and potential disadvantages of inclusive education is that of the amount of time and the kind of attention drawn by the teachers to students with special needs (Kidstogether. org, 2010). Significant observations have shown that there is an increased attention to students with special needs which may take away the attention of the teachers from the rest of the class. This trend can eventually lead to a decreased concentration on the part of normal students hence less achievement academically (Kidstogether. org, 2010). In another observation, due to frequent disturbances in inclusive education, there may be a fall in academic performance (Schwartz, Billingsley & McBride, 2010). In most cases, it’s believed that learners with disabilities can cause unnecessary locomotion in learning environment making it tireless exercise. Teachers may lack positive and dynamic response to the students due to lack of special skills to handle such learners in classroom environment. This is much contributed by personal view towards the disabled people. Lack of official liaison required by the teacher can also interrupt the usual understanding of the learner in this perspective (Schwartz, Billingsley & McBride, 2010). Improper articulation between the co-teachers also contributes to students in taking, no matter their abnormality. Another major issue is social discrimination among the teachers and students. This will cause serious problems not only in the school environment but also in the community level. Regular education students may so much empowered to do anything to disabled individuals this resulting to inferiority complex among the students. This can be avoided by having a joint socialization in the school which may extend further to the outside communities (Schwartz, Billingsley & McBride, 2010). Studies have shown that students with special needs may require more time to grasp concepts (Kidstogether. org, 2010). Time spent in reviewing concepts may not be enough for students with special needs who learn at a slower pace. Normal students who need to move at a fast pace may end up getting bored and if this weakness is not checked, it will dangerously lead to poor academic performance among normal students in inclusive education. This is because inclusive education system overlooks the needs and requirements of the both normal and disabled students (Schwartz, Billingsley & McBride, 2010). The rise in implementations and modifications usually articulated in regular education systems that practice inclusion has caused disconnection between teaching and the learning process (National Center for Education Statistics, 2010). This has mainly affected special need students in these systems which practice inclusion. When rules are further implemented, it becomes hard for disabled students to adhere to and incase no adjustments are made, this can ultimately affect the standards of learning among the special need students. The results may be dwarfism in education either in terms of skills or knowledge or both (National Center for Education Statistics, 2010). Most researchers have given out different views concerning the idea on inclusive education system where other have observed that the system is so much demanding to school administration and the community at large (National Center for Education Statistics, 2010). Other researchers have observed an increase in school closure in the systems that embrace inclusion. This presents as one of the challenges of inclusive education system which has lately been perceived to be difficult to manage and run making many schools to shut down and students’ school dropouts (Delma, Selina & Dorothy, 2009). A significant amount of resources is dedicated to field work and mainstreaming where normal students benefit more compared to rest of the disabled students. This presents a serious inequality in per student spending where resources are spent for functions that do not benefit the students with special needs (Kitmitto & Bandeira, 2008). However, this point has been argued by a number of observers who note that special needs students also require facilities and equipments not required by normal students. This observation seems to cancel out the point that more funds are spent on normal students. This controversy has resulted to the formation of ripples in a legal system of education (Kitmitto & Bandeira, 2008). More serious problem is when some groups believes that some students are not worth to be put in regular classroom to study thus resulting to streaming in school communities. Conclusion In conclusion, inclusive education system is slowly becoming forgotten in most schools despite its importance among both normal and disabled students. It has many several benefits as opposed to other educational system which do not combine disabled students with the normal ones. It should be identified that the ability of the disabled students to socialize with their fellow students to a large extent build their confidence as the student feel to be part of the school community. Attempts to prevent the students to access inclusive education prevent the students from a number of benefits that would otherwise mold them to become successful leaders. Therefore, parents, teacher and all school stakeholders need to adjust in order to accommodate both disabled and normal students in the same learning environment bearing in mind that they are all part of the community. References: Block, M. E (n. d). Rationale for and benefits of inclusion. Retrieved July 25, 2010 from, http://www. palaestra. com/Inclusion2. html Delma, B. , Selina, M & Dorothy, W (2009). School leavers’ survey report 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2010 from, http://www. esri. ie/publications/search_for_a_publication/search_results/view/inde x. xml? id=2720 Inclusive Schools Network (2010). Characteristics of inclusive schools. Retrieved July 24, 2010 from http://www. inclusiveschools. org/characteristics_inclusive_schools Kidstogether. Org (2010). Benefits of inclusive education. Retrieved July 24, 2010 from http://www. kidstogether. org/inclusion/benefitsofinclusion. htm Kitmitto, S & Bandeira, S (2008). Measuring the status and change of NAEP State f inclusion rates for students with disabilities. Retrieved July 25, 2010 from, http://nces. ed. gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/studies/2009453_1. pdf National Center for Education Statistics (2010). Inclusion of special-needs students. Retrieved July 25, 2010 from, http://nces. ed. gov/nationsreportcard/about/inclusion. asp PBSparents (2010). Inclusive communities: the benefits of inclusive education. Retrieved July 24, 2010 from http://www. pbs. org/parents/inclusivecommunities/inclusive_education2. html Ratta, T. M (2009). Benefits of inclusive education. Retrieved July 24, 2010 from http://www. merinews. com/article/benefits-of-inclusive-education/150756. shtml Schwartz, I. S. , Billingsley, F. F & McBride, B. M (2010). Including children with autism in inclusive preschools: strategies that work. Retrieved July 25, 2010 from, http://www. newhorizons. org/spneeds/inclusion/information/schwartz2. htm Schwartz, I. S. , Odom, S. L. , & Sandall, S. R (2010). Including young children with special needs. Retrieved July 25, 2010 from, http://www. newhorizons. org/spneeds/inclusion/information/schwartz3. htm

Dworkin and Hart

PART TWO – ESSAY (1) Dworkin’s â€Å"third conception of the law† called Law as Integrity is based in part on the assumption that there is a single author of the law. The community personifies expressing a coherent conception of justice and fairness. According to law as integrity, propositions of law are true if they figure in or follow from the principles of justice, fairness, ad procedural due process that provide the best constructive interpretation of the community’s legal practice. Furthermore, Dworkin would approve and support the judges for creating an opinion and setting a new precedent on this case.Dworkin’s Chain Novel concept fits into this case perfectly by adding new precedent which the lawmakers of the time could not foresee. The lawmakers had not created such a provision dealing with this situation but surely did not intend to protect this defendant just because the language of the law was absent. (2) Hart might criticize the majority opinion because he will believe that the justices have done a dishonor to the law. Regardless if the defendant attained the land through unmoral means, he did not violate any laws at that time.Social rules should not be taken into consideration with the law since there is no precedent dealing with such issue. A law is separate from morality, and does not in itself guarantee that the primary social rules of a given legal system are just or morally right (Adams 43). The majority opinion relied on judges to go beyond their jurisdiction and make moral judgments when there was no such precedent or law set on that matter. The judges, as Hart may claim, did not follow primary and secondary rules in reaching their majority opinion.Hart may support the dissent of Judge Gray by applauding Grays reasoning on the case. In particular, Hart would support Gray when Gray states, â€Å"The question we are dealing with is whether a testamentary disposition can be altered, or a will revoked, after t he testators death, through an appeal to the courts, when the legislature has by its enactments prescribed exactly when and how wills may be made, altered, and revoked, and apparently, as it seems to me, when they have been fully complied with, has no left room for the exercise of an equitable jurisdiction by the courts over such matters. Adams 152). † Hart would support this train of thought by Gray because Gray clearly makes it known to the majority that there are already laws stating how to properly handle wills, and that the courts really have no jurisdiction after a testator has deceased and the will has come into affect. Gray is only following the law and keeping morality separate.

Architecture of the Rich and Famous in Palm Springs

Architecture of the Rich and Famous in Palm Springs Mid-Century or Midcentury? Any way you spell it (and both are correct), the modern designs of world class architects from the middle part of the 20th century continue to define Palm Springs, California. Nestled in the Coachella Valley and surrounded by mountains and deserts, Palm Springs, California is only a few hours drive from the bustle and tinsel of Hollywood. As the entertainment industry enveloped the Los Angeles area during the 1900s, Palm Springs became a favorite getaway for the many starlets and socialites who were making money faster than they could spend it. Palm Springs, with its abundant year-round sunshine, became a refuge for a game of golf followed by cocktails around the swimming pool - a fast-lane lifestyle of the rich and famous. The 1947 Sinatra House, with a swimming pool shaped like a grand piano, is but one example of the architecture from this period. Architectural Styles in Palm Springs The building boom in the United States after World War II enticed LA architects to Palm Springs - architects go where the money is. Modernism had taken hold throughout Europe and already immigrated to the US. Southern California architects adapted ideas from the Bauhaus movement and the International Style, creating an elegant yet informal style that is often called Desert Modernism. As you explore Palm Springs, look for these important styles: Desert ModernismArt ModerneSpanish EclecticGoogieTiki Fast Facts: Palm Springs Every year Modernism Week celebrates the many mid-century modern houses in Palm Springs, located about 100 miles (2 hours) east of Los Angeles, California.Original settlers were Cahuilla Native Americans, called Agua Caliente or hot water by Spanish explorers.California became the 31st state in 1850. U.S. surveyors first described the area of palm trees and mineral springs as Palm Springs in 1853. John Guthrie McCallum (1826-1897) and his family were the first white settlers in 1884.The Southern Pacific Railroad completed an East/West line in 1877 - the railroad owned every other square mile surrounding the tracks, creating a checkerboard of property ownership seen today.Palm Springs became a health resort, its mineral springs a sanitorium for the treatment of tuberculosis.Palm Springs was incorporated in 1938. Singer/celebrity Sonny Bono was the 16th Mayor of Palm Springs from 1988 to 1992.As early as 1919, Palm Springs was used as a ready-made set for many Hollywood silent movies. It quickly became a playland for people in the movie industry, because of its proximity to LA. Even today Palm Springs is known as The Playground of the Stars. Architects of Palm Springs Modernism Palm Springs, California is a virtual museum of Mid-Century Modern architecture with possibly the worlds largest and best-preserved examples of elegant homes and landmark buildings constructed during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Here is a sampling of what youll find when visiting Palm Springs: Alexander Homes: Working with several architects, the George Alexander Construction Company built more than 2,500 homes in Palm Springs and established a modernist approach to housing that was imitated throughout the United States. Learn about Alexander Homes. William Cody (1916-1978): No, not Buffalo Bill Cody, but the Ohio-born architect William Francis Cody, FAIA, who designed many homes, hotels, and commercial projects in Palm Springs, Phoenix, San Diego, Palo Alto, and Havana. Check out the 1947 Del Marcos Hotel, the 1952 Perlberg, and the 1968 St. Theresa Catholic Church. Albert Frey (1903-1998): Swiss architect Albert Frey worked for Le Corbusier before moving to the United States and becoming a Palm Springs resident. The futuristic buildings he designed launched the movement that became known as Desert Modernism. Some of his must-see buildings include these: 1949-1963 (with Robson Chambers): Tramway Valley Station1957 (with John Porter Clark, Robson Chambers, and E. Stewart Williams): Palm Springs City Hall1963: Frey House II1963-1965 (with Robson Chambers): Tramway Gas Station, now the Palm Springs Visitors Center John Lautner (1911s of his work in Palm Springs include: 1968: The Arthur Elrod House1979: The Bob and Delores Hope House Richard Neutra (1892-1970): Born and educated in Europe, Austrian Bauhaus architect Richard Neutra placed dramatic glass and steel homes in rugged California desert landscapes. Neutras most famous home in Palm Springs are these: 1937: Grace Lewis Miller House, the winter home of the St. Louis socialite1946: Kaufmann House, the same Kaufmanns who commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 to build Fallingwater in Pennsylvania Donald Wexler (1926-2015): Architect Donald Wexler worked for Richard Neutra in Los Angeles, and then for William Cody in Palm Springs. He partnered with Richard Harrison before establishing his own firm. Wexler designs includes: 1961-1962: Steel Development Houses constructed by the Alexander Construction Company1961-1962: The Royal Hawaiian Estates, tiki style condominium complex in Palm Springs1965: Palm Springs Airport Original Terminal Building Paul Williams (1894-1980): Los Angeles architect Paul Revere Williams designed more than 2000 homes in southern California. He also designed: 1937: International Style clubhouse for the Tennis Club on Baristo Road, Palm Springs1954: Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz home E. Stewart Williams (1909-2005): The son of Ohio architect Harry Williams, E. Stewart Williams built some of Palm Springs most significant buildings during a long and prolific career. Must-see: 1947: House for Frank Sinatra1954: The Edris House1960: Coachella Valley Savings and Loan (now Washington Mutual)1963: Tramway Upper Station1976: Palm Springs Desert Museum (now the Palm Springs Art Museum) Lloyd Wright (1890-1978): Son of the famous American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, Lloyd Wright was trained in landscape design by the Olmsted brothers and worked with his famous father developing the concrete textile block buildings in Los Angeles. Lloyd Wrights projects in and near Palm Springs include: 1923: Oasis Hotel, a distinctive Art Deco building with a 40-foot tower. Desert Modernism Near Palm Springs: Sunnylands, 1966, in Rancho Mirage, by architect A. Quincy Jones (1913-1979) Travel to Palm Springs for the Architecture As the center of Mid-Century Modernism, Palm Springs, California hosts many architecture conferences, tours, and other events. Most famous is Modernism Week held in February each year.   Several beautifully restored hotels in Palm Springs, California recreate the experience of mid-twentieth century living, complete with reproduction fabrics and furnishings by major designers of the period. The Chase HotelStudio rooms that recreate the 1950s.The Orbit InTwo sister inns, the Orbit In and the Hideaway, with a retro flair.RendezvousNostalgic 1950s theme rooms and gourmet breakfasts. Hotel History and DetailsLHorizon HotelDesigned by William Cody in 1952. Hotel History and DetailsThe Movie Colony HotelDesigned by Albert Frey in 1935. Hotel History and DetailsThe Monkey Tree HotelA 16-room restored boutique hotel designed in 1960 by Albert Frey. Sources History, City of Palm Springs, CA

Convicted Felon

Convicted Felon Convicted Felon Convicted Felon By Maeve Maddox A person who commits a felony is called a felon. A felony is a serious crime; what constitutes a felony differs from state to state, but in every state, crimes fall into three categories: infractions, misdemeanors, and felonies. 1. Infraction An infraction is a petty offense punishable by small fines. An infraction cannot result in a jail sentence, so the person accused of one is not entitled to a jury trial. In some states, a traffic violation is an infraction; in others, a traffic ticket may be a civil offense. 2. Misdemeanor A misdemeanor is a criminal offense that can be punished by up to a year in jail. Instead of receiving a jail sentence, offenders who commit a misdemeanor may be punished by the payment of a fine, restitution, probation, and/or community service. Defendants charged with a misdemeanor are entitled to a jury trial. In some states, selling cigarettes to a minor is a misdemeanor. 3. Felony A felony is the most serious category. A felony involves serious physical harm or threat of harm, for example, assault with a deadly weapon, forcing a person to participate in prostitution, attacking a family member, attacking a stranger, etc. Felonies are further classified according to the perceived level of seriousness: Class A Felonies, Class B Felonies, etc. Felons are often referred to in the media as â€Å"convicted felons†: Baltimore Convicted Felon Exiled to Over 9 Years in Prison Convicted felon bails on job Angry sheriff questions how convicted felon escaped again Convicted felon shoots dogs at Gulfport residence The AP Stylebook defines felon as â€Å"a person who has been convicted of a felony, regardless of whether the individual actually spends time in confinement or is given probation or a fine instead.† Once a person has been convicted of a felony, the person is a felon. As the AP points out, referring to a felon as â€Å"a convicted felon† is redundant. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101Try to vs. Try andSentence Adverbs

International management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International management - Assignment Example Global strategy and entry modes have thus been number one priority for these large firms in emerging economies trying to make it in the global scene. This has been due to success in the global scene hence acquisition of competitive advantages. It has also been important for these firms to handle international market entry modes as the initial step in attaining their global mission. The decision and the mode of how a firm from emerging economy enters foreign market has had a significant effect on its overall productivity (John & Allen, 1998). This is because; the business environment that these new multinationals operate in is very competitive and dynamic. As such expansion into these new foreign markets is achievable through various strategies. The focus of this report is to give an account of the market entry strategy used by Bharti Airtel (formerly â€Å"Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited - BTVL†) while penetrating the foreign market. The report uses relevant theories and internat ional business literature concepts to evaluate and discuss the Bharti Airtel choice of entry mode(s) into the foreign market. Bharti Airtel(formerly â€Å"Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited - BTVL†is a multinational company founded in 1995. It is an Indian multinational in telecommunication industry. The company is primarily headquartered in New Delhi. Bharti Airtel got into the foreign market operations years ago and to date the company is actively operational in more than 20 countries cross Africa, South Asia and the Channel Islands among other global markets. The company is known for pioneering foreign business strategy of outsourcing most of its company’s operations apart from sales, marketing and finance and developing the minutes factory system of high cost and low volumes. The Bharti Airtel owes much of its accomplishment to its obliged to offering cutting-edge mobile services, while keeping low pricing strategies, an significant component in India. The

FCB Australia Agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FCB Australia Agency - Essay Example at run through a haze of corporate and organizational assumptions and goals have been invariably influenced by the relative importance of dynamic event-oriented outcomes including those related to the benchmarking organizational efforts (www.adage.com/datacenter/2008) . 1.1. Organizational Structure of Draft FCBThe organizational structure of Draft FCB Australia is said to be unique in that it's probably the only organization with a unified agency structure thus delivering its communications services through-the-lines capabilities to a diverse and complex group of clientele. The operational structure in regional agencies like that of Australia and New Zealand is democratically structured with a country head or director in charge. The company's optimal operational structure with the Integration Committee of 35 individuals is headed by a president and a world chief creative officer. Three major tiers can be identified in its managerial and operational hierarchy. The first tier at the top is occupied by the President, the Chief Executive Officer and the Global Chief Creative Officer. Immediately under the above triumvirate comes the layer of Integration Committee Members who assume both executive powers and accountability to the top management (Briggs & Stuart, 2006). Each Committee member is responsible for the design, planning and implementation of the company's integration policy in a few assigned countries. The third tier is occupied by those senior managers whose responsibilities include the planning and execution of strategy. Thus many responsibilities for day-to-day operational management of Draft FCB Australian Agency are assumed by this Integration Committee. Despite the fact that country operations are carried out on an individual unit... FCB Australia Agency Draft way back in 1978 was engaged in direct marketing as an agency and was then known as Kobs & Brady. In the year 1986 it was sold to Ted Bates Worldwide and Howard Draft who was an accounts executive in the company then was passed along to the new management. In 1988 Draft became its Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chairman. As a result the Agency was named Kobs & Draft. Again in 1995 the ownership of the Agency was reverted to Draft and was called Draft Direct Worldwide. In 1996, the Interpublic Group of Companies acquired Draft Direct Worldwide. With the merger of the two companies in 2006, Draft FCB became the biggest advertising agency in Chicago. As at present the Agency in Chicago has approximately 11,000 employees and the world-wide offices including the Draft FCB Australia are headed by Howard Draft, as the Executive Chairman, Laurence Boschetto, as the CEO and president, Jonathan Harries, as the Vice Chairman and Global Chief Creative Officer and Neil Miller, CFO. Draft FCB Australia Agency has acquired a unique distinction of being one of the leading advert agencies in the whole country. This unique positron is attributed to its remarkable accounts growth with best of clients. Draft FCB Australia has been successfully orienting itself to meeting not only the challenges posed by its competitors, both small and big, but also been able to achieve an ever expanding growth trajectory in keeping with its global strategy of being creating value through-the-line.

Importance of The Web-based Software for Students Assignment

Importance of The Web-based Software for Students - Assignment Example Campus cruiser software has a fully and seamlessly integrated LMS that students can access from their portal (TimeCruiser, 2007). The seamless integration of course cruiser and LMS enable students to access the campus LMS through their student’s portal and within a single sign-in. To facilitate user its friendliness, the software is designed using familiar tools that facilitate student’s learning experience and use of the system. The system also enhances streamlined and wide range course management and collaboration between the students and the school’s management. The campus cruiser also provides essential academic tools that are required for the management of instructions. Some the basic tools include gradebook, assignments, course level charts, file sharing tools and research tools. The grade book enables students to set up instructions concerning the grades that they would wish to achieve. Gradebook might include assignment tools that enable students to manage their assignment and share research questions. The course-level forums & chart enables a student to share experiences and information relating to their coursework and assignments (TimeCruiser, 2007). On the other hand, the file-sharing tools enable students to share content with other students taking a particular course. Finally, the online journal tool facilitates student’s online research and provides essential information concerning academic honesty. The course cruiser has considerable benefits to an institution. These benefits can be an analyzed by considering the benefit achieved by each of the stakeholders. For instance, the faculty benefits from an increased interaction among students and course instructors. This facilitates exchange of ideas and other related academic materials. The system also enhances streamlined and wide range course management and collaboration between the students and the school’s management.The campus cruiser also provides essential academic tools that are required for the management of instructions.  

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Work Social Work Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Work Social Work Essay To look at life-span development, we need to be aware of what it is, although the meaning is within the name. It looks at how a normal person develops throughout the life-span. This process begins between conception and birth, the miracle of pregnancy where a one-celled organism develops into a foetus and finally a newborn baby emerges into the world. The development of this developing child is affected by the world around them. Affecting growth and at critical points can alter their genetic characteristics, which are developed within the womb, and the expression of these characteristics. our exploration begins à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ at birth, where who we are and will ultimately become is a life-long endeavour. (http://www.learner.org/discoveringpsychology/development/ 2001) In this assignment I am going to look at the infant period of the life-span. Development occurs across three separate yet overlapping domains. Biological, which looks at how the body matures, grows and changes. Psychosocial looks at an individuals personality and emotions and also their social expectations and interactions. Cognitive involves the mental processes of knowing which includes problem solving, imagining, reasoning and perceiving. According to Erikson (1950) there are 8 stages of development beginning with 0-1 year old, basic trust versus basic mistrust. This involves trusting that things will happen either through the childs own ability or trust that the childs care giver will provide what is needed. A key element in Eriksons theory is based on a secure attachment being made. This ties in with Bowlbys attachment theory (1969), as he believes a secure base must be formed in early years through attachment. He believes this attachment will impact future relationships. For example, attachment in adult intimate relationships can mirror earlier attachments in childhood, resulting in negative or positive attachments throughout the life-span. Eriksons second stage of development is for 2-3 year olds, autonomy versus shame, doubt. At this age childrens biological development includes learning to grasp, walk and other physical abilities which ultimately lead to free choice. The child begins to show control, for example with toilet training. However they may also develop a feeling of shame if the training is not handled adequately. Children need to be enabled to assert some control over their environment. Success with this leads the child to feeling a sense of purpose. However this needs to be balanced as the children who exert too much power can experience disapproval from their care giver which will result in the child feeling guilty. In social work practice some theories have influenced social work over the years. One example is psychosocial casework which in many ways is a development from psychodynamic theory in particular the ego psychology of writers such as Erikson. However Thompson criticises Eriksons work on human development as he feels it does tend to lack awareness of broader social issues (the significance of gender, for example) (Thompson, 2009, p89) A key theory I touched on briefly is attachment. In 1970 Ainsworth and Bell conducted a study which looked at the individual differences in attachment. They used a test called the strange situation to conduct the experiment; it involved mothers and 1 year old infants being observed by researchers in a play-room through a two way mirror. This study is relevant in practice as the social worker is the stranger. This is why the situation should be observed and record made of what occurs. As a social workers experience grows they may relate to what they observe on an attachment style. According to Bowlbys research there are lots of issues affecting attachment, for example, a mother suffering from post-natal depression may have trouble bonding with her child. This can have long-term effects on the child. However the child can form an attachment with another care giver. Although Bowlby insists on it being the mother this does not have to be the case, as children can adapt and attach to any care giver, as long as all needs are adequately met. Attachment is valid throughout the entire life-span not just in infancy. Every person has an attachment style that is unique to them. However a secure base is still needed as early attachment is crucial. When a child has a good early attachment they will learn to trust a new care giver because the child has previously learnt to trust. This again links Bowlby and Eriksons theories together, both putting attachment and trust as key issues in infancy. The intimacy of attachment is greatest at this early stage of infancy. Its difficult to get more intimate, than a vulnerable child with their primary care giver. There are 3 different kinds of attachment styles, ambivalent, secure and avoidance. Some attachment styles work well together and others dont. A social workers assessment in attachment styles is vital especially in adoption. As an ambivalent parent, who is very needy for love, this would clash with an avoidance child, whose reaction would be get away from me. Although Bowlbys theories are widely respected some feel his specification of the care giver being the mother as sexist. However his theory is valid and can be used with any care giver the child has and is vital in social work theory. A number of theorists have reconceptualised Bowlbys internal working model of attachment, which regulates communication with significant others, as a form of regulatory implicit rational memoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Bremmer and Slater, 2004, p208) This shows how Bowlbys attachment theory can be used as a base to support other theorists. Another key theorist for this stage of development is Freud. Freud (1905) believes that from the moment of birth the infants actions are driven by their desire for sexual and bodily pleasure. In infancy there are 3 stages to go through, the oral stage, the anal stage and the phallic stage. The initial oral stage is satisfied through sucking, for feeding. The second anal stage is released through the act of defecation. The final stage in infancy, the phallic stage is released through the infants interest in their sexual organs. Freud himself recognises the universal outrage that his theory was met with. Few of the findings of psychoanalysis have met with such universal contradiction or have aroused such an outburst of indignation as the assertion that the sexual function starts at the beginning of life and reveals its presence by important signs even in childhood. And yet no other findings of analysis can be demonstrated so easily and so completely. (Freud, 1925a: 216-217 cited in Thurschwell, 2009, p40) Looking at all the theorists and the life-span development in general gives you a benchmark of the norm. This enables us through the assessment process of any potential abnormalities that may be occurring. The theories are each relevant as they allow us to view why children exhibit certain behaviours. Theory is an integral part of social work, and the necessary tools needed are knowledge skills and values. Having adequate knowledge means knowing the relevant information, which when skilfully applied makes competent social work practice. Social workers need to be aware of people as ever growing individuals, with a past, present and future. It is vital to understand that service users are constantly changing and adapting to their surrounding environment. Children are not just miniature adults, they are their own individuals with separate wants and needs. We need to take this into account when dealing with children, and not talk around them. When this is not possible their best interests need to be at the heart of every decision made. Much of the distinction that we can make between adult and child owes a lot to how our society and the various cultures within it have constructed notions of what is appropriate for a child as opposed to what is appropriate for an adult. (Thompson and Thompson, 2008, p87-88) Although children need to be treated differently than adults we always need to be aware of the future of possibilities they have in front of them. A lot of who we become is mapped out in our childhood, so behaviours need to be noted and understood to help the individual in later life. One disadvantage the life-span development does not take into account is the world around us. This depending on the specific factor can lead to Anti-Discriminatory Practice (ADP) or Anti-Oppressive Practice (AOP), for example. a lack of understanding and knowledge of different cultural issues. Societal issues have just as much of an effect on infants as on adults. The structure of society often puts people at a disadvantage, for example, societys reaction to disability or race can lead to poverty and even social exclusion. However even with these issues people can sill build up resilience. Resilience enables some individuals to achieve satisfactory outcomes despite their disadvantaged backgrounds. This can be seen through a good school compensating for a delinquent neighbourhood. Even infants show resilience, low birth weight poses a risk to the child, due to the child being unable to grow at the rate required to which in return could affect its immune system, leaving the baby more vulnerable. Therefore overcoming this shows great resilience at a very early age. Another issue this raises is society labelling those who are considered to be outside the norm. Labels tend to influence the way people view and respond to what is labelled. Labelling theory describes the response and expectations of others to an act labelled deviant. This may create a situation in which the labelled person can do no other than respond in the ways expected. (Davies, 2000, p181) The labelling will have an effect on the care giver and therefore on the infant as well. When looking at infants you need to be aware of the surrounding family. Who at this early and vulnerable stage in development will have a significant impact? So although poverty is not something the infant will even be aware of, the care giver will be all too aware. There are a number of circumstances that may affect the way a child is raised; poverty is just one societal implication that can have an effect on the entire family. Any of these circumstances can lead to unnecessary stress which will then also impact on the infant. A different factor that can affect growth and development is disease and illness. One example of a condition that affects a childs development is autism. It is considered that autistic children show a lack of interest in people and therefore fail to show the normal attachment to their care giver. Autistic children have varying degrees of communication problems and because learning through play can be restricted, the childs pattern of development will be affected. In autistic children the overall development is slow and they do not reach the same mental milestones as the child who is normal. However autistic children are known to reach islands of brilliance. For example, although their communication with other children is very limited they may show considerably better powers of memory or drawing skills. So although the development process is very different from the norm, they adapt to their environment as other children do. In the early years it is just a matter of persevering and lea rning to get to know the infant the same as any other care giver would. In the case of an autistic child the life-span development would not be very useful, nor would the theories that have been suggested during this assignment. The social worker working with the infant will have to do their first initial assessment. Here they are laying the foundation for future assessments. They will be looking at the infants development and growth but as mentioned earlier the family will also impact on the infant in various ways. This is where knowledge of the entire lifespan is useful. As every person who is involved with the infant plays a part in their development. So an awareness of what is normal for that person is an advantage. The social worker will also be looking at the social implications that have an effect on the family, both positive and negative. So working with the family as a unit, with the infants well-being at the heart of everything, the social worker can focus on reducing the risk and negative impacts and raising awareness of the positives. This should have a positive affect on the well-being of the child. In conclusion a good knowledge and understanding of the life-span development benefits social workers, as it shows what is considered to be normal development throughout life. This helps social workers recognise when someone is not on target and therefore raises awareness of potential problems. However the disadvantage to this is it doesnt take into account any outside factors that can affect development. These factors include society issues that can lead to ADP and AOP if not taken into account with users and handled appropriately.

Natural Night Vision Essays -- Biology

Admit it, night vision is an ability that we would all enjoy having. Who would not want to be able to see the world at night without the use of fancy instrumentation, like night-vision goggles? Unfortunately, humans become colorblind at night because their eyes switch from normal daytime vision to a color-insensitive rod system. Unlike humans, a lot of other animals have the ability to see in the dark. This nocturnal ability is a major subject of research because scientists want to know what causes it, what methodology lies behind it, and what limitations there are. Alnut Kelber, Anna Balkenius, and Eric. J. Warrant studied the night-time vision of a nocturnal hawkmoth, Deilephila elpenor. They wanted to know if the hawkmoths can truly see colors at night, or if they are using other means to find the right kind of flowers to feed from. For example, humans cannot see colors at night and therefore have a harder time differentiating between objects using vision alone. However, a person could find food in a dark room using his or her other senses, such as smell or taste, or could rely on colorless vision to choose food based on its shape. The scientists tested a series of experiments to show that hawkmoths use color-vision at night, as opposed to reverting to their other senses like humans do. Deilephila elpenor moths were trained to associate a sugar reward with a color, either blue or yellow by feeding from colored artificial flowers at a light intensity equivalent to late dusk. Deilephilia Elpenor Moth The moths were tested (without a sugar reward) at five different light intensities ranging from mid-dusk to dim starlight, to see if they could pick the training color from eight different shades of gray... ...we have a limited field of vision, and we can’t see in the back of our head. Continuous Visual Stream humans only get one shot to allow their photoreceptors to see an image, the images come through the eyes into the brain in a constant stream and are lost almost immediately, not stored. Advantages brain power that could be used to store up images to help see color in the dark can instead be used to make a clearer, better-resolved picture Disadvantages humans need more light to see color Photoreceptor Types humans also have 3 types, but: red, blue, and green Advantages we have trichromatic vision, which helps us differentiate objects and appreciate aesthetically pleasing sights Disadvantages we can’t see in the UV spectrum, and there are other animals such as butterflies which have 4 or 5 different photoreceptor types and can see more colors than us

State & Center Relation in India

An essay on the divisions of powers between the Union and the States . Because of its enormous size and economic, social, religious, cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversities our leaders thought unfit to give India a federal constitution. Our constitution provides for decentralization of political author ¬ity. The powers of the Centre and the States have been divided carefully in our constitution. In addition, Part XI of the Constitution (Art. 245 to 255) deals exclusively with the relations between the Union and States. The effort of the Constitution makers has been to grant autonomy to the States on one hand and to maintain unity and integrity of the vast country on the other hand by keeping co-coordinating authority with the Union, ‘Unity in Diversity' is a unique feature, which has been kept in view by Constitution makers. The Constitution clearly enumerates the areas of control under the centre and the states in three lists. List I consists of subject under the Control of Union, while List II contains areas of Control of the States. Yet there is a third list known as concurrent list. Associated essay: A.K. Kraipak v. Union of India Summary The Union and States have concurrent powers on the subjects contained in this list. These lists are contained in seventh schedule of our Constitution. By and large, defense of the country, foreign affairs, currency, railways, shipping and navigation etc. are the subjects of the Union List, while maintenance of law and order, prisons, police force, local govern ¬ments, public health etc. are subjects of State List. The subjects like criminal law and procedure, marriage and divorce, lunacy, forests, economic and social planning etc. are in the concurrent list. The Union Parliament can make laws for the whole or any part of India in regard to subjects contained in Union List while the states have exclusive power to make laws for the state as a whole or any part there of will respect to any of the matters listed in the State List. State Legislatures can also make laws on the subjects contained in the concurrent list. The residuary powers are vested in the centre. Parliament can, however, legislate with respect to a matter in State List if the subject is declared to be of national importance by a resolution of Rajya Sabha or when a proclamation of emergency is in operation. The centre has been given some administrative powers over the states for effective co-ordination. It is the responsibility of the States to ensure compli ¬ance of Union laws within their territory. The centre can give directions to the states for die purpose. The Union can also give directions to a state regarding construction and maintenance of means of communication of national or military importance and for the protection of the railways within the state. The centre can deploy any grave situation of law and order in the state. The power to settle disputes between states relating to distribution of waters of inter-state rivers lies with the Union. The centre can set up inter-state councils, if it feels necessary. For this administrative co-ordination, there is a provision of All-India Services in the Constitution. These services are common to the Centre and States. The recruitment and other service matters are controlled by the centre, while they continue to service their states. The centre, by rotation, utilizes their services on deputation for a specified period.